A noticeable lump on the top of the foot is often the only symptom experienced with a ganglion cyst. Sometimes, this is accompanied by burning or tingling sensation if the cyst is touching a nerve. If the cyst is pressing against a joint or a tendon, there can be associated ache or dull pain. For others, it can be quite difficult to wear shoes because of the irritation between the lump and the shoe.

The ganglion cyst is usually soft, from 1 to 3 centimeters in diameter. The cyst may get smaller in size and may even disappear, only to come back later on.
The exact cause of ganglion cysts is not known but it seems to occur when the tissue that surrounds a joint or a tendon bulges out of place. It looks like a tiny water balloon, and inside the cyst is a thick lubricating fluid similar to fluid in joints.

Ganglion cysts are common in women between the ages of 20 and 40 but can develop in anyone. People with previous tendon or joint injury are more likely to develop ganglion cysts.

Diagnosis is through physical examination to determine if it is a solid mass or filled with fluid. Imaging tests such as x-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be done to rule out other conditions such as tumors or arthritis.

Ganglion cysts are often painless but if the cyst is causing pain or if it interferes with joint movement, immobilization may be recommended. The cyst may shrink and release the pressure on the nerves and thereby relieving pain. However, the prolonged use of braces or splints can lead to weakness of the nearby muscles.

Sometimes, simple footwear modification or placing shoe pads may help reduce pressure against the cyst.

Aspiration is another way to manage a ganglion cyst. This involves draining the fluid and then injecting steroid medications into the mass. However, the cyst often returns eventually.

If the above procedures don’t work, surgery may be performed to remove the cyst.